Biruta was also mentioned in the Amarna letters from King Rib-Hadda of Byblos. The name is first attested in the 14th century BC, when it was mentioned in three Akkadian cuneiform tablets of the Amarna letters, letters sent by King Ammunira of Biruta to Amenhotep III or Amenhotep IV of Egypt. This was a modification of the Canaanite and Phoenician word bī'rōt, meaning " wells", in reference to the site's accessible water table. The Arabic name derives from Phoenician bē'rūt ( 𐤁𐤀𐤓𐤕 b'rt). The same name's transcription into French is Beyrouth, which was sometimes used during Lebanon's French occupation. The English name Beirut is an early transcription of the Arabic name Bayrūt ( بيروت). Its cultural landscape underwent major reconstruction. Beirut was severely damaged by the Lebanese Civil War and the massive explosion in the Port of Beirut. Beirut is an important seaport for the country and region, and rated a Beta + World City by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. The first historical mention of Beirut is found in the Amarna letters from the New Kingdom of Egypt, which date to the 15th century BC.īeirut is Lebanon's seat of government and plays a central role in the Lebanese economy, with many banks and corporations based in the city. Beirut has been inhabited for more than 5,000 years, and was one of Phoenicia's most prominent city states, making it one of the oldest cities in the world (see Berytus). The city is situated on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coast. As of 2014, Greater Beirut has a population of 2.2 million, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region. Beirut is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.
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